The Economic Policy Unit handles structural issues, including deregulation, health care, administrative reform, and competition policy. It is responsible for covering Japan's role in multilateral organizations such as the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum.

In addition, the Unit works with Japanese officials and stakeholders on global economic challenges ranging from energy policy to promoting sustainable economic development.